Xunzi Human Nature Essay Example for Free

Xunzi military personnel Nature EssayIntroduction Xunzi (Xun Qing, or Xun Kuang c. 310-c. 219 BCE) lived at the very end of the Zhou dynasty. Like Mencius, he was an advocate and congressman of the teachings of Confucius. Living a generation after Mencius, Xunzi lived through the final, brutal wars which ended with the state of Qin absorbing and unifying all the Chinese feudal states. Xunzi was a wide trave guide scholar, teacher, and official. Document Excerpts with Questions (Longer selection follows this section) From Sources of Chinese Tradition, compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom, 2nd ed. , vol.1 (New York Columbia University Press, 1999), 179-183. 1999 Columbia University Press. Reproduced with the permission of the publisher. All rights reserved. Selection? from? the? Xunzi? Human? Nature? Is? savage? ? Human? disposition? is? evil? its? trueness? derives? from? conscious? activity.? Now? it? is? human? nature? to? be? born? with? a? fondness? for? prof it.? tomfoolery? this? leads? to? contestation? and? strife,? and? the? signified? of? modesty? and? yielding? with? which? one? was? born? disappears.?One? is? born? with? feelings? of? envy? and? hate,? and,? by? indulging? these,? one?is? led? into? banditry? and? theft,? so? that? the? mavin? of? loyalty? and? good? faith? with? which? he? was? born? disappears.? One? is? born? with? the? desires? of? the? ears? and? eyes? and? with? a? fondness? for? beautiful? sights? and? sounds,? and,? by? indulging? these,? one? is? led? into? licentiousness? and? chaos,? so? that? the? sense? of? ritual,? refinement,? elaboration,? and? principle? with? which? one? was? born? is? lost.?Hence,? following? human? nature? and? indulging? human? emotions? will? inevitably? lead? to? contention? and? strife,? causing? o the? example? of? a? teacher? and? guided? by? the? way? of? ritual? and? refinement? onward? one? will? attain? modesty? and? yielding,? accord with? shadowiness? and? ritual,? and? return? to? order.? ? ? ?A? questioner? asks? If? human? nature? is? evil,? then? where? do? ritual? and? rightness? come? from I? reply? ritual? and? rightness? argon? always? created? by? the? conscious? activity? of? the? sages? essentially? they? are? not? created? by? human? nature.? ? ? If? human? nature? were? good,? we? could? dispense? with? the? sage? kings? and? desist? from? the? employment? of? ritual? and? rightness.? Since? human? nature? is? evil,? we? must? elevate? the? sages? and? esteem? ritual? and? rightness.? ?Primary Source Document, with Questions (DBQs) on SELECTION FROM THE XUNZI HUMAN NATURE IS EVIL Questions 1. How does Xunzis understanding of human nature compare to your own? 2. How does Xunzis understanding of human nature compare to that of Mencius? Which do you prefer, and why? 3. Why might the 2 men, from the same background, both self-appointed interpreters of Confucius, and only one generation apart, come up with their respective understandings of human nature?4. What implications does Xunzis understanding of human nature have for family life and government? Longer Selection From Sources of Chinese Tradition, compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom, 2nd ed. , vol. 1 (New York Columbia University Press, 1999), 179-183. 1999 Columbia University Press. Reproduced with the permission of the publisher. All rights reserved. Selection? from? the? Xunzi? Human? Nature? Is? Evil? ?Human? nature? is? evil? its? good? derives? from? conscious? activity.? Now? it? is? human? nature? to? be? born? with? a? fondness?for? profit.? Indulging? this? leads? to? contention? and? strife,? and? the? sense? of? modesty? and? yielding? with? which? one? was? born? disappears.?One? is? born? with? feelings? of? envy? and? hate,? and,? by? indulging? these,? one? is? led? into? banditry? and? theft,? so? that? the? sense? of? loyalty? and? good? faith? with? which? he? was? born? disappears.? One? is? born? with? the? desi res? of? the? ears? and? eyes? and? with? a? fondness? for? beautiful? sights? and? sounds,? and,? by? indulging? these,? one? is? led? to? licentiousness? and? chaos,? so? that? the? sense? of? ritual,? rightness,? refinement,? and? principle? with? which? one? was? born? is? lost.?Hence,? following? human? nature? and? indulging? human? emotions? will? inevitably? lead? to? contention? and? strife,? causing? one? to? rebel? against? ones? proper? duty,? reduce? principle? to? chaos,? and? revert? to? violence.?Therefore? one? must? be? transformed? by? the? example? of? a? teacher? and? guided? by? the? way? of? ritual? and? rightness? before? one? will? attain? modesty? and? yielding,? accord? with? refinement? and? ritual,?and? return? to? order.? From? this? perspective? it? is? apparent? that? human? nature? is? evil? and? that? its? goodness? is? the? result? of? conscious? activity.? ?Thus? warped? wood? must? be? determined? against? a? straightening? board,? steamed,? and ? bent? into? shape? before? it? can? become? straight? blunt? metal? must? be? ground? on? a? whetstone? before? it? can? become? sharp.? And? in? that? human? nature? is? evil,? it? must? wait? for? the? example? of? a? teacher? before? it? can? become? upright,? and? for? ritual? and? rightness? before? it? can? become? orderly.?Now,? if? people? lack? the? example? of? teachers? they? will? be? partial? and? narrow? rather? than? upright? if? they? lack? ritual? and? rightness? they? will? be? rebellious? and? chaotic? rather? than? orderly.? In? ancient? times? the? sage? kings,? recognizing? that? the? nature? of? human? beings? is? evil that? they? incline? toward? evil? and? are? not? upright,? that? they? are? disposed? toward? chaos? and? are? not? orderly? created? ritual? and? Asia for Educators Columbia University http//afe. easia. columbia. edu