College: The Greatest Decision You Can Make Essay

â€Å"In the United States today, there is no more certain investment than a college education†(Carnevale and Melton). Education has always been a major component of American society. One can only go so far without an education, and the more education and knowledge someone has, the better their chances of being successful. Some people believe a high school education is enough, and it is, enough to land a job at a fast food restaurant. I speculate they feel this way because they feel school is not for them, or maybe they just do not want to go far in life. To get far in life people must go above and beyond, and learn things that others do not know to make them stand out in job interviews. College helps develop skills that are necessary for life, and gives them an education that will enhance their future; and despite its few drawbacks, college is worth it. Americans today tend to believe that college is four years of partying and fun while earning a degree, and there is validity in that belief, but one must also include the four years of learning and hard work. One benefit of college is all of the fun activities that there are to take part in. These activities that college students take part in give the students two important things in life: stress management abilities and connections. Students work hard all week and then finally get the chance to relax and do something they enjoy on the weekends. That â€Å"down time† is spent relaxing, and trying to figure out a non-stressful way to complete all homework and projects and still go out for fun. The stress management relates to time management, as students want to do work in a logical time frame that keeps life easy. These two skills relate to life after college because once someone has a job they have to manage the stress of the job and complete tasks in a timely manner. On May 16, 2011, Paul Taylor and his research team from Pew Social & Demographic Trends in Washington DC conducted surveys and asked people if college was worth â€Å"it†. In reference to jobs â€Å"55% [said] it was very useful in helping them prepare for a job or career†. The data from the study supports my assertions of what college provides students with, which is a strong foundation for joining the work force. College also gives students connections. While taking part in activities students make friends and meet people with all kinds of goals for the future. These connections make life easier after college. Students meet friends that have connections to internships, jobs, summer programs and with the help of their friends, students can find themselves in one of these if not more resume building opportunities. Meeting new people and participating in activities make students appear very diverse in turn, more appealing to employers. Another benefit of college is the education that one receives. Not only does one learn about a specific field that other people only have general to no knowledge about, but they essentially become a specialist in a few areas. College forces people to pick their main interests and focus on them. The further they take their education, the more knowledgeable they become in particular fields. Picking a major and minor (sometimes double major and double minor) narrows choices when employers are seeking workers because they want people with a specific skill set, and specific knowledge. Most degrees can give students the opportunity to obtain high paying jobs. Now, while it is true that right out of college students obtain low paying jobs, it also has to be taken into consideration what field the former student is seeking a job in, and the level of their education. For example, if a student obtains a B.A. in management he/she will likely make less money because management is a large field with many people in it. The more people a certain field or job has, the less they will get paid because in the employer’s eyes they are not special, and more people with the exact same degree and qualifications can be found. Now, rewind, and say that same student has a B.A. in biology with a concentration in microbiology. With microbiology being a smaller and more competitive field, a student has the chance to make more money. The amount of jobs available for people with that special knowledge is limited. Employers would pay more because they do not want to lose someone with those rare skills and knowledge to another company. In addition, low paying jobs are not guaranteed to new college graduates, but are still a possibility. However, Anthony Carnevale and Michelle Melton claim that â€Å"rising demand, coupled with the persistent undersupply of college-educated workers over the last 30 years, has driven up relative wages for these workers†. Carnevale and Melton assert that there is a high demand of college-educated workers and that due to the lack of workers, wages are actually increasing. Though I concede that low wages are a possibility for college graduates, I still insist that the wages are higher than what they used to be, and the students could most likely earn more money by continuing there education on through graduate school. In addition, it is believed by the NPR staff writers that most of the low wages and the lack of jobs is due to the current recession. When the benefits and costs and drawbacks of college are compared, it is obvious that the benefits outweigh the problems. According to NPR, â€Å"..every college won’t always be worth it but, he says â€Å"the long-term trends about the average value of a college degree are very strong.† And he says a college degree is still in demand.† The biggest mistake someone can make is not going to college, and that is a decision that they will always regret. Works Cited Carnevale, Anthony P, and Michelle Melton. â€Å"Major Differences: Why Undergraduate Majors Matter.† Presidency Fall 2011: 30-33. Academic Search Premier. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. The authors, Director of Georgetown University Center, Education and the Workforce and a research assistant, use information from their own school and statistics of wages of college graduates. They are credible because they add depth to the argument of what major a person decides on and how that decision effects their salary in the future. They discuss how not all degrees hold the same economic value and encourage students to not only think if college is for them, but what major is best for their future. Cohn, D’Vera. â€Å"Is College Worth it?† Pew Research Center. N.p., 16 May 2011. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. . This source is from the Pew Research Center, in other words a place dedicated to finding facts. This source is credible because it is not opinionated and it is a broad survey of over 2000 people. This source also covers both sides of the argument. There are statistics that add to my argument and help to provide a counter argument for what is cited by Carnevale and Melton state in a separate source. The counter argument provided by this allows me to make my argument stronger and more concrete. Making Headlines Since The ‘70s: Is College Worth It?. National Public Radio. 18 June 2011. http://www.npr.org/â€Å'2011/â€Å'06/â€Å'18/â€Å'137257390/â€Å'making-headlines-since-the-70s-is-college-worth-it. Web. Transcript. 23 Jan. 2012. This broadcast/â€Å'article is a credible source because it is an unbiased source. NPR (National Public Radio) broadcasts to all demographics and is unbiased in its broadcasts. The staff writers point out how most people take the worst cases of college graduates and use them to stereotype all of them, when th at is not the case. They take a logical viewpoint on the issue and show that when the recession ends things will go back to normal. This source is in agreement with the Pew source because both state that college is rather expensive and may not be for everyone.

How Fair British Education for All

HOW FAIR BRITISH EDUCATION FOR ALL This essay will analyse how education system helps to maintain class inequality in contemporary Britain. In Britain, a good quality of public education service has been promised for all children regardless of ethnicity, race or income. Unfortunately, School League Table and recent surveys show opposite. In 1944, the government passed Education Act which allowed all children to receive secondary education. Children would be selected by ability for different types of school through an IQ test called the 11+ (in Scotland, the qualifying exam). Between 1964 and 1974, all secondaries re-organised into comprehensive schools instead of IQ test selection. In today’s Britain, there are state (92%) and private (8%) schools with level of primary, secondary and tertiary. Vocational or non-vocational curriculum is being used and leaving school age is 16 since 1972. Universities continue to grow and now 40% of 18 year olds go onto university whereas in 1960s it was 5% of school leavers. Although the vast majority (80%) of private school pupils go into the university, almost 40% of state school pupils go into the further education. This shows that class inequality exists in British education system. All sociologists accept that education is important in society as people receive 15000 hours of compulsory education. However, they have different opinions about the role of education in society. The originator of the functionalist ideology, Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) argued that education is an agent of secondary socialisation which transmits norms, values and roles (value consensus) and acts as a bridge between family and the whole social system. He claims pupils should see themselves as part of a nation by learning of certain subjects which can establish a common political identity for social solidarity, i. e. history, so pupils can see similarities between themselves and the past society. American sociologist, Talcott Parsons (1903-1979) developed Durkheim’s ideas. He argues that everybody has the same chance to succeed, therefore pupils who are most successful in schools due to their effort and ability and different talents are fitted into appropriate jobs. This is known as meritocracy. People also learn skills required by modern industrial society in order to keep nation efficient and allow people earn a living. These skills may be general skills such as literacy and numeracy or specific skills required by particular occupations. The weakness of functionalism is no explanation for how all schools, including religious and fee-paying schools, can transmit a common value system while there are many individuals with different values. They assume the education system establish fair standards for everyone so pupils can achieve their status in society. This meritocratic approach cannot be true if private and grammar schools are considered as private schools have advantage to state schools. 40% gap of entering higher education between middle class and working class children shows the reality. The other strong ideology is Marxism. The founder, Karl Marx (1818-1883), assumes that education is part of society that is vital for the ruling class (bourgeoisie) to exploit the working class (proletariat). French Marxist philosopher, Louis Pierre Althusser (1918-1990) argues that education system tells people what to believe and how to achieve it which creates false consciousness known as Ideological State Apparatus (ISA). The system also legitimates inequality. Meritocracy and hidden curriculum makes people believe that individual differences are the reasons for success and failure. In addition, Bowles & Gintis suggest that education system produces a workforce with the skills and attitudes required by employers, thus ensuring that profits continue to be made for the ruling class. They also insist there is a pattern of success or failure related to social factors such as class, ethnicity and selection does not occur on basis of ability. Although Marxism provides strong ideas, it has some weak points such as not telling how teachers are â€Å"tools† of the system and showing pupils as passive. It does not explain how the bourgeoisie control the system for their own benefits. Functionalists defined â€Å"cultural deprivation† to explain working class underachievement. It means children who lack the basic cultural norms, values, language and skills that commonly shared by most other members of society. As Basil Bernstein states that working class families speak in â€Å"restricted code† which means smaller vocabulary, less adjectives and adverbs, information is short with no details or additional explanations, while middle class families speak in â€Å"elaborated code†, with more effective communication. Therefore working class pupils have limited skills required by education such as describing, analysing and comparing whereas middle class pupils have enough mental stimulation which is crucial as teachers use elaborated code. Hart & Risley supported this thesis by saying a professional’s child knows more words than a working class family’s child and likely to be more successful in school. However, it fails to consider material deprivation and structural inequalities, the organisation of school and teacher’s expectations. Nell Keddie states that working class culture is different not deficient. Blackstone and Mortimore (1994) argue that working class families have no less interest in their children’s education. Paul Willis tries to answer criticism of Marxism and shows that there is no meritocracy in a capitalist society in his study called â€Å"Learning to Labour†. The â€Å"lads† (12 pupils) had their own counter-school culture which was opposed to the values espoused by the school. The lads felt superior both to the teacher and to conformist pupils. They can see through the ideological smokescreen which means they are aware of capitalistic society is not meritocratic and they will end up having low-paid jobs so there is no need to gain qualifications. Although they believe workplace is a sense of adulthood/manhood, they still have the same attitude: the lack of respect for authority and having a â€Å"laff†. Therefore education can have unintended consequences on pupils which may not be completely beneficial to capitalism. Despite the significant findings, this study has a small-scale view as it includes only 12 boys and is gender biased so it is difficult to generalise the findings. Functionalists and Marxists try to address the problem differently, but none of them have satisfying explanations. Functionalists see the education system as providing a positive educational experience which benefits the children and society. They blame working class families or culture for the poor results of working class children. Whereas, Marxists claim that the system oppresses and harms people, and that it only benefits the powerful. Both of them ignore gender, ethnicity and labelling (Stephen Ball) which develops self-fulfilling prophecy (Rosenthal & Jacobson) means when people treat you as if you had certain attributes, you start acting that way. All these studies and recent surveys show that there is a class inequality in Britain and education system maintains it. The Sutton Trust suggests a solution: secondary schools should be more balanced and disadvantaged youngsters should be attained in order to be in better position. Tevhide Turkmen

Health Care Communications Methods Essay

Nursing home administrator is a leader in a organization who not only directs its operations but is also responsible for setting the tone for different cultures. (Anthony Cirillo, 2014) The administrator is to make sure that the facility is running smoothly and that all patients and staff members are taken care of their needs. The administrator will be the one to make sure that patients are moved to other facilities, make sure the records are transferred correctly, and to inform the facility that they are being bought by another company. The administrator will also explain to each staff member, family members, and physicians what is going on in full details. The first form of communication when the nursing home administrator finds out what is going to take place is a written notice, this notice is to be sent to all parties that will be involved in the process of closure. A written notice can either be a good advantage or a bad advantage, it depends on how and who it is sent to. Written notice communication can sometimes confuse people who really do not understand the language of the letter this can cause some people to question the administrator and her work. Communicating by writing is also an advantage when it will be sent to physicians, staff members, and outside agencies, because they will understand what is going on and can respond with the necessary needs. (Michigan Nursing Facility State Closure Team January 2005) When the nursing home administrator finds out the facility is going to another company, the administrator is to inform the staff of what is going to take place with the facility. The administrator will communicate with them either by email, written notice, or in person. The advantage of communicating with the staff with email is that it’s fast and easier for the staff members to look at while taking care of their patients. Communicating with them by written notice is advantage because the  staff will be able to wait until their shift is over to read the notice and ask questions if need be. The administrator and staff must try to find other facilities that are available to take some of their patients. The administrator must make sure that all records are kept safe under the HIPAA laws while informing other facilities about the patients’ needs and treatments that they are receiving at their facility. Keeping patients records safe and in order will lessen the transfer of patients and help the families to get them settled into their new facility. The advantage of using social media is that facilities can open up communication that can lead to enhanced information discovery and delivery. It can also allow their employees to discuss their ideas, post their thoughts, and ask questions about what they should do. Social media will also target a different type of audience that can help with relocating patients, transferring patients, and the needs of families. (Society for Human Resource Management, 2012) There are some disadvantages to using social media for this problem and they are it could open up the possibility of hackers getting patients records or staff information. It can also lead to fraud, virus attacks and even overload of spam. Social media disadvantages could also increase the risk of patients and their families falling prey to online scams that could lead to identity theft. Lastly, employee could leave negative comments about the facility, staff members, and even the physicians about the work that goes on in the facility the good and the bad. (Society for Human Resource Management, 2012) There are several reasons that could affect the HIPAA laws and social media about this facility closing. One staff members could be posting on networking sites about patients and accidently say their name or condition, and someone figures out who they are talking about and this could cause patient information to get out. In addition, some employees could simply be discussing their day or an unusual health care case they saw, and they feel like that is not violating the HIPAA law. When dealing with HIPAA and social media when it comes to patients and the closing of a facility, everyone involved has to be on their toes and not violate the rules. Employers and employees must know how to communicate with social media without releasing any patient names or conditions, and not get into trouble  behind the HIPAA rules. If someone breaks the HIPAA laws and they are found to be guilty of the problem, there are sanctions that can be made against that person or persons involved. These sanctions could range from civil penalties ranging in the minimum amount of $100 per violation, to a maximum of $50,000 per violation of the HIPAA rules. These sanctions are for the facility that is an covered-entity under the HIPAA rules and regulations that they have to follow. (Dimick, 2010) According to Chris Dimick, â€Å"All workforce members of this facility are prohibited, with some degree of exceptions, from using or revealing individually recognizable health information (â€Å"protected health information,† or PHI) without a written authorization from that individual or family member for whom the PHI pertains to, and any permission must cover very detailed language to meet the terms of HIPAA.† Reference Chris Dimick, Privacy Policies for Social Media, JOURNAL OF AHIMA, Jan. 6, 2010, http://journal.ahima.org/2010/01/06/social-media-policies/. Best Practices for Voluntary Nursing Facility Closure, Michigan Nursing Facility State Closure Team, 2005 http://www.shrm.org/templatestools/hrqa/pages/socialnetworkingsitespolicy.aspx#sthash.vs6G9HGL.dpuf

Technology and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technology and Business - Essay Example These features make the Blu-ray discs capable of storing not only data intensive, high intensive movies, but also endow them with the ability for more special features (Crompton. 2008). The Blu-ray discs are more expensive than the standard DVDs and require special Blu-ray players, which are also expensive, at almost $400 a player. Yet the feature packed Blu-ray disc is expected to garner a large portion of the $1.1 billion high-definition movie market this year. Competition for Blu-ray was expected to come from the HD DVD format being developed by Toshiba Corporation. However, in February 2008 Toshiba Corporation announced the termination of the competing HD DVD format. This announcement is believed to stem from the inability of the HD DVD format to match the features offered by the Blu-ray discs. This has left Blu-ray discs as the only format for high-definition movies, enabling the companies involved in the manufacture of Blu-ray discs to exploit the large high-definition movie market (Crompton.

The Rape of the Lock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Rape of the Lock - Essay Example It answer the â€Å"what is it trying to say† instead of the â€Å"what does it literally say?† questions. In The Rape of the Lock we see many lines of pros. Every line has its reason and purpose and can be explicated and analyzed for a better understanding of the text. In The Rape of the Lock, part 1 line 11, we see that a question is asked. It is prefaced by a Lord being refused by a young lady, Belinda. It reads: And dwells such Rage in softest Bosoms then? To explicate this poem one must first look at the line word for word. When you explicate something, you basically spell out what it is saying. You do not use imagery or the senses. You flat out quote it literally. â€Å"And dwells such Rage in softest Bosoms then?† This line clearly means that rage takes up residence in Belinda’s chest. The Rape of the Lock, part 1 line 11 is beautifully prefaced with an unfolding story. This story is written in pros and has a rhyming scheme that is most commonly kno wn as a couplet in iambic pentameter. Using all the senses one has in their body, one tries to analyze this line of poetry. It may seem simple, because of the length, but unless you delve deep into the time period, the mind of the poet and the reason and background, it will be hard to understand each line, much less the entire poem. Analysis does not take the line in the literal form.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation - Essay Example The discussion mainly focuses on the ethical principles underlying social responsibility in the business world. Ultimately, this essay argues that CSR becomes more and more important as globalisation rapidly develops. Confronting the growing environmental issues in the current global marketplace, MNCs are aggressively or constructively taking part in strategic programmes towards resource management and environmental preservation. Dedication of global businesses to sustainable initiatives are motivated by several internal and external factors, such as social activism, technological improvements encouraging sustainable programmes, customer demand for ecologically friendly goods and/or services, and governments’ environmental policies (Wilson 2000). Concerns about the corporate social responsibilities have been the point of contention for decades. However, recently, a new approach towards the issue has emerged and prevailed (Lechner & Boli 2004). Both in the corporate domain and beyond it, there is far-reaching and mounting advocacy for the existing idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). ... A particular explanation for this may be the perception that global corporations are not as impregnable as they were believed to be in the past; hence, their operations can be controlled to profit society (Wilson 2000). According to Bomann-Larsen and Wiggen (2004), another explanation could be a perception that successful legal regulation of businesses whose operations reach outside national boundaries is unlikely, making self-regulation as the sole realistic, feasible option. Thus, MNCs should self-regulate in a way that promotes the wellbeing of the society and its citizens. CSR has been controversial for decades, and some aspects of the subject matter have been introduced by ethicists. This controversy has been broadened recently to encompass the practices of MNCs. Even nowadays, the long-standing issue still reverberates through the halls of international corporations across the globe: â€Å"If it is legal, does that make it ethical?† (Manakkalathil & Rudolf 1995, 29) The emphasis of the word ‘ethics’ can be related to views concerning what is moral and what is not; one description of ethics may be the explanation of what comprises human wellbeing and the actions needed to support it. The concept of ‘ethical norms’ is brought into play to characterise compliance to generally accepted moral codes (Sullivan 2002). Consequently, according to Sims (2003), these moral codes are ruled mostly by values, traditions, and behaviour that a society implements as parameters for interpersonal manners. Hence, corporate social responsibility is tantamount to societal norms and values, which then implies that MNCs should formulate objectives that are congruent to

Legal Aspect of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Legal Aspect of Nursing - Essay Example A clear assessment of the evidence of the case study indicates that this is a clear case of negligence which rightfully warrants for suspension. According to the investigations, the only evidence on the nurse is her failure to tally the records between the computerized cabinet and the handwritten documentation. Considering the nurse’s reputation for the twenty-five years she was working at the hospital, she at least was supposed to be given some consideration. The claims of the nurse diverting narcotics from the cabinet do not hold ground because there is no evidence that directly points to her doing the act. The only available evidence is the records which suggest the possibility of such malpractice but still remain unproven. Chances are high that the testimonies by the other nurses will affect the case in a positive way for the defendant. This will aid in proving to the court that the defendant is not diverting narcotics for selfish gain from the hospital and the errors in t he reports can only be a case of negligence. The testimonies from the other nurses are enough to turn the case around implicating the hospital as the defendant. The court will be able to see that cases of negligence in the healthcare unit are common, which means that there is a high chance of the health care being subject to mismanagement. Following the turn of events in the case, the institution has to address some questions to clarify to the court why certain behaviors take place and the reason for certain decisions.... be able to see that cases of negligence in the health care unit are common, which means that there is a high chance of the health care being subject to mismanagement. Following the turn of events in the case, the institution has to address some questions to clarify to the court why certain behaviors take place and the reason for certain decisions. The institution will have to address the court on why there were more nurses admitting to have commit cases of negligence such as filing the records with wrong information. It will also have to address the qualifications of the nurses in the hospital and why is seems that there is a lack of proper supervision at the hospital to curb the cases of malpractice by the nurses. The institution will need to produce further evidence on the nurse to prove their claims concerning the theft of the narcotics as the nurse seems to have a clean record for her 25 years at the institution. The nurse deserves leniency at best a pardon for her negligence cha rges. This is because of her clean record and reputation for her 25 years at the hospital. It is also because there was enough evidence from the testimonies to prove that it was a normal error following the hefty work of the institution. On the matter of committing a malpractice by diverting narcotics for personal gain the right judgment is to dismiss the case due to lack of enough evidence. The institution needs to at least have evidence of the nurse either abusing the narcotics herself or prove that she is trading them for personal gain. There is violation of various principles that involve protecting patient safety that arise in this case. One key principle is the proper administration of medications to patients; an error in medication endangers the safety of the patient (Austin, 2008).

The History of Program Music and its Composers Essay

The History of Program Music and its Composers - Essay Example 3). To further stress this point, the great Frederick Niecks, however, remarked that programme music has always been regarded controversially as its definition is vague and narrow (1). In this context, Niecks wrote (referring to musicians) in the preface of his book entitled Programme Music in the Last Four Centuries: A Contribution to the History of Musical Expression, that "they should embrace all possible kinds, degrees, and characters: the outward and the inward, the simple and the complex, the general and the particular, the lyrical, epic, dramatic, melodramatic, descriptive, symbolical, etc. They should embrace also music with the programme merely indicated by a title, and music the programme of which is unrevealed. The absence of programme and title does not prove the music to be absolute (iii)." Despite having been the one to come up with the phrase "programme music", Frnza Liszt was not its inventor. Programme music has been in existence and practice ever since the 16th century, or probably even before then (Hoffman para. 3). To be able to trace its history, Frederick Niecks outlined six periods while citing the significant composers or musicians during its time. The first period was during the 16th century, a time when allusions were usually made to descriptive vocal compositions that were often inadequate and incorrect (F. Niecks 7). During the second and third quarter of this century, the descriptive vocal pieces of Clement Jannequin emerged. These were La Guerre or La Bataille (War), La Chasse du Livre (The Chase), Le Chant des Oiseaux (the Imitation of Animal Voices), and L'Alouette (Bird Voices) (F. Niecks 7). Battle pieces became the primary favorite then. A... The researcher of this essay states that since the ancient times, music has been used to mimic the sounds of life and nature, real or imagined. As musicians wanted to build a bridge between literature and music, various sounds from animals and nature like tweets, cuckoos, toots, shrieks, cries, horns blowing, hiccups, roars, rain pouring, wind blowing and the like are being used to form a coherent musical composition that conveys a story or a plot. This form of music has been existent since the ancient times, yet it was the Hungarian composer Franz Liszt who actually coined the term â€Å"programme music† in the mid 19th century, a time when Romantic music was very pravalent. For the purpose of discussion, programme music may be defined as instrumental music that attempts to convey a story or arouse mental images without the use of words. Liszt calls composers of programme music as â€Å"poetizing symphonsts†. Furthermore, he also strived to be able to distinguish the p rogramme and its object. He claims that â€Å"the programme has no other object than to indicate preparatively the spiritual moments which impelled the composer to create his work, the thoughts which he endeavoured to incorporate in it. Given the examples of the composers and their works, that were mentioned in the essay, it is hence apparent how experimentation in the genre of programme music was important. It was indeed a risk for these composers to hence pattern the form of their composition to a certain programme they have pictured in their minds.

Multinational businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multinational businesses - Essay Example (Veseth, 2010) This paper examines the phenomenon of globalization and analyzes the effect of the phenomenon by taking the example of a company (Coca-Cola). The paper is divided into sections on globalization and what it means as well as detailing the pros and cons of the process. Further, the issue of globalization in terms of whether it is consistent with economic theory is also examined. The other section is the case study of a company that has long been regarded as one of the prime beneficiaries of globalization and this section looks at the way in which globalization has benefited the company and the impact of the current recession on the prospects of the company. Globalization and the forces driving it There are many definitions of globalization depending on the way in which the phenomenon is viewed. For the purposes of this paper, it would suffice to state that globalization means the integration of markets across the world and the movement of people, goods and services across national boundaries. The phenomenon of globalization is closely tied with that of free trade and the theory of comparative advantage as proposed by one of the founding fathers of modern economics, David Ricardo. Whether the current practice of globalization is consistent with the economic theory would be examined in detail in the later paragraphs. (Bhagwati, 2004) If we examine the question as to what is globalization, we find that the term encompasses a broad range of activities that range from a) multinational companies seeking to setup operations in countries like China and India to take advantage of the lower costs of labour and the exchange rate differential that promotes exports from these countries to the Western world b) the free movement of people and ideas across countries in search of the best markets for their services because of the deregulation of the economies of the West as well as the East. (Friedman, 2005) The case for globalization seems pretty straightforward. I f a company enjoys substantial cost advantages in production because of wage and exchange rate differentials, then economic theory states that the company is better off producing in a country where the costs are low and selling in a country where the margins on its products are more. Hence, this simple notion of free trade theory underpins much of the discussion on globalization. Further, economists like Jagdish Bhagwati have shown that the countries like the United States gain in terms of having cheaper goods as well as outsourcing of jobs. The gains are in the nature of capital saved by relocating production and outsourcing functions that can be gainfully employed in the home countries for more productive purposes. The argument here is that the US gains in terms of moving up the value chain and investing in Research and Development while the activities at the bottom of the value chain like manufacturing can be done at lower costs. (Bhagwati, 2004) The case against globalization is that the process involves the movement of capital to the countries where costs are low and hence these countries build up huge reserves of foreign exchanges that lead to global imbalances in the way in which current account deficits in the US are

How to Choose Your Topic Essay Essay Example for Free

How to Choose Your Topic Essay Essay Good evening Ladies and Gentleman , my name is Adam Maljan. Before we proceed , I would like to ask all of you a simple question . Have any of you had any difficulties on choosing a topic when you are asked to present to an audience ? If your answer is yes , then Do Not Worry . Because you see i. Choosing a topic for a speech is no easy thing to do . Especially if you are a student preparing a speech for your subject . ii. I myself had a hard time in choosing a topic for a public speaking event when I was in my 2nd semester as a diploma student . It took me days just to find the right topic which everyone can understand and relate to easily. Today , I would like to talk to you about how to choose or at least narrow down your choices of topic using the simple criteria of Knowing your theme , Listing and narrowing Down and researching and gaining confidence. The first criteria in order to choose your topic is that you should know your theme. For example , the seminar you were invited to talk to is about Health . But Health, as we all know, is a general topic , there are multiple subtopics that you can relate to with health ,some are maintaining a healthy lifestyle , how to reduce the risk of heart disease, effects of obesity and many more . So if this situation happens to you . Please do not panic , because once you identify your theme or topic using the general topic given to you, you can now look at your audience and use them to determine your decision on which topic to present . For example, if your audience is mostly teenagers , then you can choose the topic on maintaining a healthy lifestyle topic , but if it is mostly senior citizens , then it is better for you to choose the topic on how to reduce the risk of heart disease. The same goes with women or children .

File Systems and Permissions Summary

File Systems and Permissions Summary John David Woody chmod -rwxr-xr-1 instruct staff 270311 Aug 11 2009 install.sh I will attempt explain the best I can. Chmod, on linux or unix like operating systems, there are a set of rules for each file which defines who can access that file and how they can access it. The at position 0 denotes the type of file, it is either a d if the item is a directory or l if it is a link or it could just be a regular file. The symbols in the positions 1 thru 3 rwr are permissions for the owner of the file and the symbols in position 4 thru 6 r-x are positions for a group, the remaining positions 7 thru 9 r-1 are permissions for anyone else. The rwx shows that owner has read (r), write (w) and execute (x) permission. The shows the permissions for the group to which the file belongs. The r-xr represents that has permission to read (r) and execute (x) and, read permissions without write permission. The last xr-1 set of characters, represents the permissions for everybody else. The octal numbers 270311 each have individual meanings for permissions. I researched this at, the WEB site below on the reference page. Now, 2 is for write, the 7 where my confusion stepped in is the numeric mode from one to four octal digits which are derived by adding up the bit values, so 4 is for read , 2 for write, and 1 is for execute when added equals 7 so all access is allowed. The 0 from what I read has no permissions. The 3 is for write and execute and the 1s only can execute. How the commands and the octal numbers relate requires me to do more homework. The remaining items below 2 -5 and 1 4, will be described and follow the same patterns as above. I just hope Im explaining things correctly. Chmod -rw-rr1 instruct staff 348039 Aug 12 2008 User_Guide.txt Chmod, on linux or unix like operating systems, there are a set of rules for each file which defines who can access that file and how they can access it. The at position 0 denotes the type of file, it is either a d if the item is a directory or l if it is a link or it could just be a regular file. The symbols in the positions 1 thru 3 rw- are permissions for the owner of the file and the symbols in position 4 thru 6 r are positions for a group, the remaining positions 7 thru 10 r1 are permissions for anyone else. Now, this textual representation consist of 10 characters but from what I have read the rules still apply. The octal numbers 348039 each again have individual meanings for permissions. Now, 3 is for write, the 4 is for read, 8 again confusion stepped in until I will research this more. The 0 is for denial, 3 again is for write and of course there is a 9 Ill also have to look into. Chmod -rw-r1 instruct staff 635106 Aug 12 2009 Admin_Guide.txt Chmod, on linux or unix like operating systems, there are a set of rules for each file which defines who can access that file and how they can access it. The at position 0 denotes the type of file, it is either a d if the item is a directory or l if it is a link or it could just be a regular file. The symbols in the positions 1 thru 3 rw- are permissions for the owner of the file and the symbols in position 4 thru 6 r are positions for a group, the remaining positions 7 thru 10 1 are permissions for anyone else. Now, this textual representation consist of 10 characters but from what I have read the rules still apply. The octal numbers 635106 each again have individual meanings for permissions. Now, 6 is for read/write, the 3 is for write, 5 is for read/execute. The 1 is for execute only, 0 all access denied and 6 read/write. Chmod drwxr-xr-x 4 instruct staff 144 Aug 12 2009 Documents Chmod, on linux or unix like operating systems, there are a set of rules for each file which defines who can access that file and how they can access it. The d at position 0 denotes the type of file, it is either a d if the item is a directory or l if it is a link or it could just be a regular file. Well this is a directory. The symbols in the positions 1 thru 3 rwx are permissions for the owner of the file and the symbols in position 4 thru 6 -x4 are positions for a group. The octal numbers 144 each again have individual meanings for permissions. Now, 1 is for execute only. The two 4s are read only access. chmod -rwsr-x 1 nobody nobody 169202 Aug 11 2009 httpd Chmod, on linux or unix like operating systems, there are a set of rules for each file which defines who can access that file and how they can access it. The at position 0 denotes the type of file, it is either a d if the item is a directory or l if it is a link or it could just be a regular file. The symbols in the positions 1 thru 3 rws are permissions for the owner of the file and the symbols in position 4 thru 7 r-x1 are positions for a group. The octal numbers 169202 each again have individual meanings for permissions. Now, 1 is for execute only. The 6 is for read/write allowed, the 9 I still have not figured out yet, but I will. The 2 is for write access only, the 0 means all access denied, again the 2 is write access only. Metacharacters/Regular Expressions * Matches zero or more occurrences of the previous character ? The preceding item is optional and will be matched, at most, once. ^ The caret ^ is an anchor that indicates the beginning of a line. $ The asterisk is a modifier and also an anchor. In a regular expression it specifies that a previous character set can appear any number of times, that includes a zero. [0-9] Matches any one of the numbers given within chars, where chars Is a sequence of characters. [a-z] Matches any one of the characters given within chars, where chars Is a sequence of characters. Regular expressions to match the following All files that end in txt ls -1 grep *.txt Files that have a second character of a and end in sh ls -1 | grep *.sh Any file that starts with a number ls -l | grep [0-9] A blank line ls -l | grep [] A traditional 10-digit U.S.-based phone number, in the following format: (407) 555-1212 ls -l | grep [(0-3)] [0-3]-[0-4] Note: Not quite sure about this one but I tried. Reference www.computerhope.com/unix/uchmod.htm

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Haemoglobinopathies Biology Essay

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Haemoglobinopathies Biology Essay Haemoglobinopathy is a genetic inherited disorder. Haemoglobinopaty is associated to geographical distribution disease; it is most common in population of Africa, Middle East, Mediterranean, Asia and Southeast Asia. Haemogloninopathies are subdivided into two main significant genetic diseases thalassaemia and sickle cell disease. Transfusion treatment and bone morrow oar stem cell transplantation therapy use for treatment and management both diseases. But in sickle cell disease (SCD) there are some more treatment used as control the complication of disease such hydroxyurea, and vaccination against some pathogenic disease which are causes infection, and analgesic to relief the pain, and using prophylactic treatment against pneumococcal chest syndrome. Also the patient during the blood transfusion increased the amount of iron which is harmful for many organs in human body particularly the heart muscle tissue. In this case the patient need another therapy is iron chelation such as defer iprone with deferoxamine. The resent study declare that the most curative treatment and is bone marrow transplantation or stem cell transplantation. The most accurate test for haemoglobinopathy is including high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), haemoglobin electrophoresis (EP) and neonatal screening test and DNA parental test. Introduction Haemoglobinopathy is a genetic disease, associated with lack of normal haemoglobin in the red blood cells also the most common monogenic disease in the worldwide. Is inherited defect produce abnormal haemoglobin (Hb) in their structure, Hb playing an important role in red blood cells. This disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder. This disorder related to chronic haemolytic anaemia. (Marie and Fernando 2008) Haemoglobinopaty is geographical distribution disease; is most common in Africa, Middle East, Mediterranean, Asia and Southeast Asia. Also interaction between two genes among this people can causes to number types of thalassaemia disease, three aims for control are homozygous alpha-0 thallassaemia leading to Hb-Bart, homozygous beta-thalassaemia and beta-thalassaemia Hb-E. Hence that is important to detect very quick, immediate and accurate screening for prevention especially those parental are carrying the alpha-0 thalassaemia, beta-thalassaemia and Hb-E. (Fucharoen S et al 2 000) Haemoglobinopathy can spread in the many region of the world because of the mix ethnic and immigration from the countries which are prevalence the disease to non prevalence disease countries. Haemoglobinopathies occurs due to of the haemoglobins reduced their ability to carry the oxygen. This disorder associated to haemoglobin molecule disorder also that is important to understanding the structure and function of haemoglobin. There are two main types of haemoglobinopathy, SCD and thalassaemia can be passed from parental to offspring trough abnormal haemoglobin genes. Individual can be effect with these disorder while they are be inherited with two abnormal haemoglobin one from paternal and the other from maternal. But individual with only one abnormal haemoglobin gene called as carrier or trait, does not shows any clinical symptom and healthier as well. Individuals with haemoglobinopthies are either having clinical symptom of this disease, or if the individuals are carrier, unknown of their trait until screened, but If parent both carrier an abnormal hemoglobin gene there is a chance 25% of their pregnancy that offspring will affected with the clinical symptom of haemoglobinopathy If the maternal affected with haemoglobinopathy, and the paternal only carrier therefore the child 50% can be affected and 50% will carrier. The haemoglobin Hb molecule is a polymer consisting of four identical monomers. Hb molecule consist of two pairs of globins chains, each containing a haem group, every haem have an iron atom which is attached to oxygen in the lung and the haem which is responsible for transporting the oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carrying the carbon dioxide (CO2) from the tissue to lung (Figure 1). For the period of foetus development, the foetal Hb predominate (two alpha chains and two gamma chains). Haemoglobin Hb molecule in adult composed of four globins chains two alpha subunit and two beta subunit. The structure Hb changes within embryonic, fetus and adult. Usually the main haemoglobin in normal adult is HbA, and little quantity of HbA2 and HbF. (Morven W et al 2009) Diagram showing the location of haeme in haemoglobin. Figure 1: shows the structure of haemoglobin (www.sciencelearn.org.nz) accessed 29/01/2011. Classification of heamoglobinopaties: haemoglobinopathy can divided into two main parts (figure -2) Thalassemia Sickle cell disease The name of referred object is cbr27_1p027f2.jpg Fig 2: (Ronald J 2006) Thalassemia Thalassemia is hereditary haemoglobin defect which failure the formation more than one polypeptide chain of haemoglobin protein causes mild or severe anaemia. thalassaemia classified into a few categories and each of them can causes different problems. Thalassamia is quantitative abnormality, frequently associated to chronic haemolytic anaemia, the clinical expression of disease including serious of haemolysis and some type of the disease not shows clinical symptom of the disease. Thalassaemia involved in the class of globins chain and number of defective of globins gene. The offspring with thalassamia at the birth frequently are healthy, the sign and symptom of anaemia appear in between age six month to two years old. Without detection and treatment the most of children in age one year old are death because of severe anaemia and infection. (Weatherall. D and Clegg. J 2001) Some types of thalassaemia initiate with mild condition, but some of them cases serious and life threatening and it cause death. Nearly 5% of the population in the nationwide have been affected with this disease. Foetal Haemoglobin (Hb) is predominantly alpha2 and gama2. In the normal individual the dominating haemoglobin composition is HbA i.e. alpha 2 and beta 2. This implies that the frequent forms of thalassaemia are alpha and beta, each type causes different clinical manifestation. Foetal Haemoglobin (Hb) is predominantly alpha 2 and gamma 2. In the normal individual the dominating haemoglobin composition is HbA i.e. a2b2. This implies that the frequent forms of thalassaemia are alpha and beta. (Fucharoen et al 2007) Alpha thalassemia: Individual with alpha-thalassemia characterised by lack of alpha globin chains. It is prevalence in Africa, Middle East, Asia, south east of Asia, and also Mediterranean area. The alpha-globin gene made up by four genes, found on chromosome 16p13.3 (Figure 4) and including the embryonic zeta-globins gene and two alpha globins genes, usually there are four alpha globins gene, mutation affected on one or more alpha-globins gene causes lack of formation of alpha- globin chain lead to alpha thalassaemia. (Weatherall. D and Clegg. J 2001) The patient with only one unusual alpha globin gene is called alpha thalassaemia carrier. In this case one globin genes defective or missing, and not show any clinical symptom of anaemia, and difficult to diagnosis also known as silent carrier. Normal carrier has an offspring with haemoglobin H (HbH). It is can be to detect by DNA examination. If the individual has missing two of four globin genes call as alpha thalasaemia trait, both abnormal alpha-globin genes can be found on one chromosome or one on each chromosome. The parents both have alpha thalasaemia trait therefore their offspring effective with alpha thalassaemia trait. The patient with this disease has mild anaemia and the red cells are smaller the normal size call microcytosis. And the patient does not show the clinical manifestation. (Leung. W et al 2008) Also if one of the parents has alpha thalassaemia trait and the other one has silent carrier there is 25% chance of their offspring born with HbH. But if the both parent have alpha thalassaemia trait there is 25% chance their offspring inherited with alpha-thalassaemia major. Individual with condition has no chance to live for long term and mostly die in childhood, the reason for that because of lack or defects of the alpha globin chain and causes the severe anaemia and causes health damaging such as spleenomegaly, bone malformation and tiredness. Beta-thalassemia: The beta-thalassaemia is an inherited disease associated with haemoglobin disorder, is congenital anaemia, occur because of lack or reduce formation of beta-globin chain causes reduce the number of red cells or produce unfunctional red cells, most of erythrocyte are failure to mature from the bone marrow that is cause serious anaemia. The beta- globin chain deficit causes the intracellular precipitation and increases of alpha-globin chain, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis and haemolysis anaemia. (Ronald J 2006) Beta-thalassaemia is the most common molecular deficiency as the consequence of point mutation and deletion that effect the transcription and mRNA translation. Infants with homozygous beta-thalassaemia are healthy but after birth as the haemoglobin from fetus replaced to adult haemoglobin the absent of beta-globin causes the serious anaemia. Also the level of anaemia is deference rely on the level of beta-globin deficiency and the formation of fetal haemoglobin. (Lin. Y e t al 2009) The clinical manifestations of beta-thalassaemia including of anaemia shows in the first year of life, also the spleen enlargement resulting from accumulation large amount of destruction os erythrocyte in the spleen, growth of bone marrow because the body compensated the red cells destruction which is leading to abnormal growth the long bones and deformation the skull. Beta-thalassemia is most prevalence in the Asia, and became the main health problem among people. (Weatherall. J 2001) In developing countries the patients with this disease are suffering and death within childhood. The recent study of the national thalassemia register reveals that the patients survive for longer in the UK, half population of patients with beta-thalassemia die under the age of 35 years old. Sickle cell disease (SCD) SCD is genetic defected haemoglobinopathy characterised by stiffen shaped cells which can block blood vessels and caused severe pain, organ damage and infection. Was found at the beginning the twentieth century, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, it is related to qualitative globin gene defect, and formation of abnormal globin chain, SCD results in morbidity and mortality. There are 500 unusual Hb found but only four of them are common such as HbS (beta 6 glu-val), HbC (beta 6 Glu-Lys), HbD (beta 87 Thr-Lys), HbE (beta 26 Glu-Lys). The disease is characterized by abnormality in shape of RBCs, the cell become sickle-shape which is rigid and stiffen and can leading to obstruction the blood vessels and tissue ischemia, which causes the organ damage. Also this abnormality can cause painful episodes, severe infection and chronic anaemia. SCD is the mutation in the haemoglobin gene and causes sickling the cells, mutation increased in different part of the Hb molecule, SCD can be de tected through infant screening haemoglobin electrophoresis. SCD occur because of mutation on short arm of chromosome 11 (figure-4), this mutation leading to replace the valine to glutamine of the amino acid at the sixth positions of beta-globin chain of HbA, resulting in the production of HbS which is biochemically unstable molecule and it can precipitate at the deoxygenated state. (Hoffbrand. A.V. 2001) chromos Figure- 4 Globin encoding genes are found on chromosome 11 and 16. Figure 3 SCD was the first disease has been described as a molecular disorder in a gene, and it is detected by infant screening program. Its causes reduce lifespan and associated to chronic disease. SCD occur in that part of the world where Plasmodium Palciparum has endemic and then spread because of migration to other part of the world for example north of Europe and United States. SCD is more common in those people are originally came from the Africa, Mediterranean, middle and south of America, Asia and middle east. (Figure 4) SCD occurs due to the newborn inherited the defect haemoglobin gene from parental mother and father HB SS causes severe anaemia, if only one sickle haemoglobin gene from one parent and one normal haemoglobin gene from other parent transfer to infant, therefore the infant become a carrier also known as sickle cell trait. (Marie. J and Ronald. L 2004) Image Reference: Marie. J and Ronald L 2004 Figure 5: Geographical distribution and representation of the sickle gene. (A) Map identifies the three distinct areas in Africa and one in the Arab-India region where the sickle gene is present (dotted lines). Numbers of individuals with sickle-cell disease (red lines) in Senegal, Benin, and Bantu are higher near the coast, and falls concentrically inland. (B) The ÃŽÂ ²-globin gene cluster haplotype is determined by DNA polymorphic sites (boxes) that are identified by endonuclease enzymes. With this information, haplotypes are constructed as shown. The pathophysiologies of CSD rely on the deoxy- HbS. That is association with two alpha globin chains with mutation of 2 beta-globin chains produce HbS. under deoxygenating circumstance, the lack of a polar amino acid at six locations of beta-globin chain lead to aggregation of Hb, which change the RBCs into sickle shape and reduced their elasticity. (Figure 5) The patients with the SCD are often visiting to hospital because of acute pain, and the patient treated by an analgesic to relief the pain, hydration and oxygen supply. The main common of clinical symptom of SCD including anaemia, episode painful, lung infection, infarctions of nervous system and strokes, spleenenlargment because of precipitation of large amount of haemoglobin in spleen, skin ulceration, organ damage, vaso-occlusive, and neurocongenitive dysfunction most common causes morbidity among the patient with this disease. Figure- 5: Normal and sickle red cell morphology SCD is known as chronic inflammatory disease, Diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies: Detection and identification of haemoglobinopathies relay on three stages: Full blood count Special haematological test DNA analysis Full blood account Full blood account is used to detection of haemoglobinopaty specially the thalasaemia, which is the earliest of haematological information. Individual with thalassaemia shows low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) or mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). Also in other anaemia for example the iron deficiency the MCV is low as well, it is possible this detection will shows the thalassaemia in those region with at high risk ethnic populations. The first step after initial abnormal blood count is to elimination of iron deficiency, to cure it. The blood count test is repeated if the MCV still lower than normal value. The test show most likely is thalassemia. Also the MCV increased because of some condition especially B12 and folic deficiency causes raised the MCV. In some condition the main evidence of thalassaemis disappears due to the MCV is wrongly normal or may be increased. Measuring the MVC is used as early stage test for heamoglobinopathy. Therefore that is very important for diagnosis of thalassaemia this is the HbS carrier, the health professionals who are dealing with those people in which HbS occurs must be including the HbEPG with the demand a full blood count. Also blood film as part of full blood count can be used, it is detected the SCD (HBS) or unstable Hb. in some cases, finding the target cells and stippling in the blood film are not associated with a haemoglobinopathy but it can help as additional finding in case of thalassaemia if the MCV or MCH is lower than reference range. Special haematological test Some of test of haemoglobinopathy technically require skill the team of laboratory, must have knowledge and must be trained to use the laboratoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s instrument, and obtain an experience in understand the results. More haematological test is requiring especially after detecting the more unusual HbS. Also test the oxygen affinity, stability of haemoglobin and identify the methaemoglobin. Mass spectrometry is used to characterise different mutation of HbS.( 10 )for diagnosis of individual cases is the DNA test. DNA test is the most common haematology test, due to the DNA laboratory must to understand the characterised of alpha and beta globin genes. As DNA technology in haemoglobinopathy based on PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and southern blotting, also the DNA laboratory examination deciding whether there is a point mutations or deletions. Other major source of mistake to deceive the DNA laboratory is the not a success to detection HbH. Not occasionally, a DNA detection used to diagnosis the beta globin gene due to HbH inclusion was not be found, if not mutation in DNA sequencing is detected, at this point the DNA laboratory back to the haematology test to detected the HbH inclusion. Another useful test to diagnosis a thalassaemia and it is because of an alpha and beta globin gene problem in the alpha and beta globin protein fraction. That is requiring to incubation of RBC with radioactive. The peaks indicative of alpha and beta globins are then provide an alpha and beta ratio which must equal one. If the ratio higher than one that is indicates beta thalassaemia, or if the ratio lower than one that is indicates alpha thalassaemia. The alpha and beta ratio is not longer available. That was took place due to DNA testing is became the common test and also alpha and beta ratios are now performed in those laboratory do have insufficient skill. Setting up of this assay needed fresh radioactive material. The alpha and beta ratio may be not useful while the interactions of genes are occurring. DNA testing DNA testing is requiring if the haemoglobinopathy difficult to detect by the haematological test, while it is may be suspected a haemoglobinopathy, but the haematology may not detected which gene has been involved. And the other reason to use DNA testing is the basic alteration been sought in an established haemoglobinopaty. This require as part of parental developed. (Ronald J 2006) DNA test can be used for sickle cell in neonatal by analysing of the DNA of foetal tissue Screening test for thalassaemia and haemoglobinopatphies Usually the basic screening trial all type of thalassaemia depends on the guide of haematology cut- off, which effects on the correct count using an automatic blood cell counter. The patient with MCV values lower than (80 fL), and MCH values lower than (27 pg). Therefore more tests are requiring identifying of (alpha and beta) thalassaemia. (Kanokwan, S et al 2005) But the test needs an expensive an automatic blood cell counting but that is impossible to perform in the laboratory without good facilities. Also that has been proved the osmotic fragility test tube which is containing 0.36% of saline solution could be used as like other option test to detected alpha and beta salassaemia syndrome. (Kamala. R 2008) The recent study indicated that specificity of the osmotic fragility test for detection of (beta and alpha-0) thalassaemia could be improved by reduce concentration of saline solution from 36% to 34%. But the carrier of Hb-E would not be available; in this case cichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) test has been established for detection of Hb-E in the developing country of Southeast Asia, but this procedure is not suitable for pregnant woman because they have iron deficiency during their pregnancy. Hence the combination osmatic fragility test and DCIP test use for detection alpha,0- thalassaemia, beta thalassaemia and Hb E in pregnant woman tested and compared with other measure screening procedure linked to measure of RBCs indicator. (Kanokwan, S et al 2005) There is some more special haematology tests require to diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies: Hb EPG test can be measured by electrophoresis of globin. Different methods likely as gel and membrane based to high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Unusual group separate as of normal HbA, HbF and also HbA2 can be detected.that dose mean provides some information about HbA2, and recognize some other Hb if available for example HbE and HbS. HbA2 test is detected by globin electrophoresis and quantity the HbA2. And difference methods are used as a membrane, also the more use in the world is HPLC. That does mean the increased HbA2 shows the incident of beta- thalassaemia. It dose shows that the alternative haemoglobins could be increased the HbA2. Also unusual raised the HbA2 shows the mild beta thalassaemia, the low HbA2 delta thalassaemia. HbF test detected by globin electrophoresis, and determine by deference technique. The normal value in of HbF adult is lower than 1%, if the HbF slightly increased to 2 or 3% that indicates the mild beta- thalassaemia. If HbF elevated to more than 5% are likely to be delta-beta thalassaemia in this case the level of HbA2 decreased. (Angela. H 2005) Kleihauer test is staining the red cell to diagnosis the HbF. This test uses for separate the hetrocellular from pancellular. This test is unusual for differentiation the type of hereditary persistence of Hbf because they are not often available and difficult for laboratory staff to translate the results. This test useful only in foetal blood sample to detect that the HbF passed from the fetes to the motherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s blood circulation. (Liu. W et al 2007) HbH inclusion test carry out by stain the red blood cells to identification of HbH inclusion, deposition of beta globin chain. This test used to detection of alpha-thalassaemia. This test causes problem due to false negative. Need a lot of knowledge and skill of laboratorian to detect HbH inclusion and with two gene deleted alpha-thalasaemia, only very HbH little inclusion can be detected. Therefore the laboratorian may miss it if do not have good experience. Must the person who is work in the laboratory must continuously look at the microscope. (Chan. A 1996) Sickle solubility and stability test, there many different type of test performed to detected the HbS or unstable variation of HbS. There are interactions between the HbS with beta thalassaemia, hence the correct test for sickling test are require for haenoglobinopathy. (Baebara J 2004) RBC count can be used for detection of thalassaimia and haemoglobinopathies while the red cells count is normal or increased. Also it is helpful if hypochromic, microcytic observed. The Red cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a numerical value that represents the coefficient of variation of the red cell volume distribution. This value indicates the variation in red cell size (anisocytosis). Anisocytosis is an abnormally of red cell size variation that is apparent on the blood smear, is the anisocytosis is increased that is indicated the beta and alpha thalassaemia as it is seen before the haemoglobin decreased and MCV and MCH reduced. Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) it is the other parameter is the concentration in g/L of haemoglobin in the RBC, But It is infrequently measured. If the MCHC reduced that is shows the hypochromic with any other causes microcytosis that is indicates the thalassaemia. Haemoglobin electrophoresis for diagnosis of CSD Diagnosis SCD can be performed by the haemoglobin electrophoresis. Simple and accurate method for diagnosis of SCD due to in can detect the Hbs, but the EP is reliable to identify the phenotype. Sickle cell test the sodium metabisulphite used for remove the agent leads to precipitate in the buffer solution to formation the cloudy suspension. This test is not useful neonatal period because of lack HbS and presence high amount of HbF which has high solubility and may generate false negative result. Sickle cell test can be used after six month of age becouse the level of HbF dropped down. For distinguish the phenotype should relying on the haemoglobin electrophoresis. Separation of molecule in this test rely on the charge at add pH. H Methods: There same key words have been used to find the journals which are related to finding the information for the topic of the project. The key words including (haemoglobinopathies, Thalassaemia (beta or alpha), Sickle cell disease, treatment of haemoglobinopathies and diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies). Treatment for thalassaemia More than 90% of the patient with thalassaemia needs to be treated by regular blood transfusion to regulate the anaemia and its side effects, transfusion therapy increase the life span of patient with quality of life. Infants who are sufficient treated by blood transfusion growth well. However the transfusion therapy causes increased the amount of iron in the organ, iron overload is fatal if untreated causes organ damage, late sexual growth, and osteoporosis. Most individuals with beta-thalassaemia major can be survive for longer with blood transfusion therapy but increasing the damaging levels of iron overload if the patient not be treated with iron chelation therapy. Increased the level of iron from blood transfusions therapy leading to destruction the macrophages and then follow that damaging the liver and later on spreads to the heart tissue, pancreas, and also the iron overload effected on the same of glands such as pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid glands, the levels of iron must be controlled by chelating treatment. Due to the blood transfusion are usually started at the beginning in life, excess of iron effects on the endocrine system can causes unusual growth and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Cardiac disease is the most causes of death among the patient with beta-thalassaemia major. Iron overload causes reduce the myocardial T2 vales is detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, is prevalence in the patient with beta-thal lassaemia. (Kirk P et al 2011) Iron chelating therapy supports the patient with increased the level of iron from the accumulation the toxic iron and reduce the amount of iron that harmful for tissue and many organs. Iron chelating initially used by the end of the 1970s, it is not a curative for the patient with beta-thalasaemia major but it can reduce the number of death because of this disease. The patient with this has some side effects which are related to excess iron such as diabetes, hypogonadism, and hyper thyroidism, (Rugolotto S et al 2004) The main purpose of using the iron chelation is sustain the balance of amount of iron at the safe stage in the organ tissue and stop accumulating of iron inside the organ. To reduce the level of iron in body, there are deference ways to rescue the human body from iron overload. Venesection is procedure, part of treatment. Used to withdraw large amount of blood a through the vein and discarded, use for treatment of iron overload also is known by phlebotomy used for elimination of iron in the blood circulation, removes 200-250mg iron from unit of blood. Also the iron chelating can help the patient to reduces the level of iron, iron chelation with deferoxamine causes the damaging of tissue and ultimately causes death, the resent study explore that the cardiac disease is causes death in more than 70% of patient who are treated with deferoxamine. The new oral chelater was started in 1995; oral chelater with deferiprone became very useful treatment in the clinical therapy. The prospective non randomized clinical test proved that the mortality because of the cardiac disease decreased in patient treated with deferiprone, combine and sequential the deferiprone with deferoxamine. (Aurelio. M et al 2009) The diagnosis laboratory performed the experiment on 265 patients in one of the Italia laboratory from year 2000 to 2008, 124 patients treated deferoxamine and 11 patient was death, and 55 patients treated with deferiprone none of them death, 68 patients treated with sequential deferiprone and deferoxamine only one patient death and 18 patients treated with combine deferiprone and deferoxamine none of them death. This trial give clue the best treatment for iron chelating is deferoxamine or combination between deferiprone and deferoxamine. Figure 6: trial profile 265 patient treated with iron chelater.

Love Conquers All :: essays research papers

Virgil said, â€Å"Love conquers all things, let us too surrender to love†. Most people have experienced the overwhelming feeling of love, thereby understanding that in the end, nothing will stand in its way. Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Yzierska’s Bread Givers, and Hurston’s Their Eyes were Watching God, and dorm life show that love truly conquers all obstacles. In The Scarlet Letter, love conquers the pressures of society, while in The Great Gatsby, love overcomes the test of time. In Bread Givers, love triumphs over major differences caused by a wide generation gap and in Their Eyes were Watching God, love overpowers the forces of nature and disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Scarlet Letter, Hester’s love for Mr. Dimmesdale overcomes society’s pressure and keeps her from incriminating him as her lover. When the people call for her to â€Å"‘Speak; and give your child a father!’† (Hawthorne, 74) she still refuses to give the name of the father of her child. â€Å"‘I will not speak!’ answered Hester, turning pale as death†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœAnd my child must seek a heavenly father; she shall never know an earthly one!’† (Hawthorne, 74). The power of Hester’s love gives her the strength to restrain herself even when the crowd entreats her to help her child, if not herself. Even when Dimmesdale, her lover, pleads with her to speak the name of her lover, she does not. â€Å"‘If thou feelest it to be for thy soul’s peace†¦I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer!’† (Hawthorne, 73). Hester’s love for Mr. Dimmesdale is so powerful that even his appeals cannot sway her in her determination. Hester’s love was so mighty that it persisted over all obstacles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby’s love for Daisy allows him to overcome time, to find her and resume a relationship after college and five years away in the army. Because Gatsby loves Daisy so strongly, and believes that she loves him as well, â€Å"He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: ‘I never loved you.’†¦after she was free, they were to go back to Louisville and be married from her house--just as if it were five years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald, 116). Gatsby wants to â€Å"‘fix everything just the way it was before† (Fitzgerald, 117). Gatsby loves Daisy so much that time means nothing to him: he thinks that their relationship has resumed right where it had left off five years before.

Iron Increases Heart Disease :: essays research papers

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has afflicted man throughout history. Diet and hereditary factors obviously are the key components in developing this condition. Foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats are often implicated in hastening or aggravating heart disease. Many disease states such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension have also been shown to increase a persons chances for CAD. Heart disease usually affects persons over age 60, but can be seen in people who are much younger for various reasons. This disease remains the number one cause of hospitalization and death in the adult population in western society (McCance and Huether, 1994). The purpose of this literature review is to investigate research dealing with the subject of increased serum iron levels and the prevalence of CAD. Medical journals were primarily used for research data due to the nature of the subject and the need for in-depth analysis. While it has the highest prevalence of any disease, women experience only 30-50% of the coronary artery disease incidence and mortality of age-matched men (Meyers, 1996). Many feel that this may be due to the protective effect that estrogen has on the blood vessels of females. There may actually be a direct correlation to reduced serum iron levels due to menses. Whereas men " build-up" iron in the blood, women cleanse themselves of iron buildup on the monthly basis. Meyers (1996) also states that oxidation, the process in which an atom increases its positive charges (Miller and Keane, 1992), of low density lipoprotein cholesterol is important in atherosclerosis, and since oxidation is catalyzed by iron, it has been hypothesized that the lower iron stores of women reduce their risk of CAD through lessened lipid peroxide, a by-product of oxidation. Numerous studies have been conducted to actually see if a relationship between serum iron or serum transferrin, (serum iron concentration divided by total iron-binding capacity), and heart disease or myocardial infarction, (heart attacks) exists. Sempos and Looker, (1994) used a total of 4518 men and women to conduct the first study of its kind on the subject of iron and CAD. Frequent serum iron levels, collected from 1971-74, and followed up through 1987, showed the risk of CAD was not related to serum transferrin levels in white men or women. Indeed, an inverse association of total body iron stores and overall mortality was shown, that is moderate to high serum transferrin associated with lower mortality.

Computer Graphics and Visualization

Visualization is any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message. Visualization through visual imagery has been an effective way to communicate both abstract and concrete ideas since the dawn of man. Examples from history include cave paintings, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Greek geometry, and Leonardo da Vinci's revolutionary methods of technical drawing for engineering and scientific purposes. Visualization today has ever-expanding applications in science, education, engineering (e. g. roduct visualization), interactive multimedia, medicine, etc. Typical of a visualization application is the field of computer graphics. The invention of computer graphics may be the most important development in visualization since the invention of central perspective in the Renaissance period. The development of animation also helped advance visualization The use of visualization to present information is not a new phenomenon. It has been used in maps, scientific drawings, and data plots for over a thousand years. Examples from cartography include Ptolemy's Geographia (2nd Century AD), a map of China (1137 AD), and Minard's map (1861) of Napoleon's invasion of Russia half a century earlier. Most of the concepts learned in devising these images carry over in a straight forward manner to computer visualization. Edward Tufte has written two critically acclaimed books that explain many of these principles. Computer graphics has from its beginning been used to study scientific problems. However, in its early days the lack of graphics power often limited its usefulness. The recent emphasis on visualization started in 1987 with the special issue of Computer Graphics on Visualization in Scientific Computing. Since then there have been several conferences and workshops, co-sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society and ACM SIGGRAPH, devoted to the general topic, and special areas in the field, for example volume visualization. Most people are familiar with the digital animations produced to present meteorological data during weather reports on television, though few can distinguish between those models of reality and the satellite photos that are also shown on such programs. TV also offers scientific visualizations when it shows computer drawn and animated reconstructions of road or airplane accidents. Some of the most popular examples of scientific visualizations are computer-generated images that show real spacecraft in action, out in the void far beyond Earth, or on other planets. Dynamic forms of visualization, such as educational animation or timelines, have the potential to enhance learning about systems that change over time. Apart from the distinction between interactive visualizations and animation, the most useful categorization is probably between abstract and model-based scientific visualizations. The abstract visualizations show completely conceptual constructs in 2D or 3D. These generated shapes are completely arbitrary. The model-based visualizations either place overlays of data on real or digitally constructed images of reality, or they make a digital construction of a real object directly from the scientific data. Scientific visualization is usually done with specialized software, though there are a few exceptions, noted below. Some of these specialized programs have been released as Open source software, having very often its origins in universities, within an academic environment where sharing software tools and giving access to the source code is common. There are also many proprietary software packages of scientific visualization tools. Models and frameworks for building visualizations include the data flow models popularized by systems such as AVS, IRIS Explorer, and VTK toolkit, and data state models in spreadsheet systems such as the Spreadsheet for Visualization and Spreadsheet for Images

Performance Excellence in Hotels Essay

The failure in delivering high performance will have negative impacts on both internal and external customers. Therefore, the main purpose of this research project is to introduce the concept of performance excellence in the service sector, discuss the meaning and driving forces of competitiveness through the performance excellence in this sector, and report the findings of building excellence in organizational design, team work as well as leadership within The project will be organized in a way that gives a balanced critical review of performance excellence and answer the following questions, in particular its implementation in Hotel: 1. What functional roles does performance excellence play in an organization and in particular on the service sector? 2. What are basic dimensions of performance excellence that influence the development of competitive advantage in the service sector? 3. What are some relationships between quality and performance excellence in attaining sustainable competitive advantage? Performance Excellence and Its Functional Roles Performance excellence can be defined as â€Å"an integrated approach to organizational performance management that result in delivery of ever-improving value to customers and stakeholders; improvement of overall organizational effectiveness and capabilities; and organizational personal learning† This implies that all managers should give more interests and attention to implement it. The extracted information from the previous process can help executive managers to identify opportunities and threats as a necessary step to adapt successful strategies.

IAS 18 Revenue Recognition

Introduction This assignment features the recognition and measurement of revenue depending on the source of revenue in accordance with the provisions of International Accounting Standards (IAS) 18 Revenue. I researched the topic and defined the special purposes of the assignment: first of all, it is important to know the main concepts of IAS 18, also to learn the rules by using this particular regulatory framework, and to get knowledge about writing the report at all. The Report To: Managing DirectorFrom: Student A Regarding: IAS 18 Date: 3/11/2011 Introduction to the Report The Conference on International Accounting Standard (IAS) 18 Revenue was held to introduce the concepts of the regulatory framework of financial reporting and to represent the given information in convenient use of practice. The objective of IAS 18 is to prescribe the accounting treatment for revenue arising from certain types of transaction and events (Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards, 20 01). Key definitionAccording to International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC) the Framework Revenue is income that arises in the course of ordinary activities of an enterprise and is referred to by a variety of different names including sales, fees, interest, dividends and royalties (IASC, 2000). So revenue is one of the most important indicators of accounting. It is a key factor of the profit, its assessment helps to build many financial indicators on the profitability of the activities of the organization, as well as return on investment.A key issue when recording revenue is to define the moment of its recognition. Revenue is recognized if it is likely that the organization will receive economic benefits in the future, and these benefits can be reliably measured. IAS 18 specifies conditions where these criteria are met and therefore the revenue recognizes. This standard also provides practical advice on the application of those criteria. Measurement of Revenue In accordance w ith IAS 18 revenue is usually determined by agreement between the supplier and the customer or user of the asset.This means that it is measured at fair value consideration, which the company has received or receivable; trade discounts and volume rebates provided by the enterprise are taken into the amount. The standard defines fair value as â€Å"the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction†. (IASC, 2000) As the fair value is often expressed in monetary terms, the revenue will be the amount that the company has received or receivable. This problem occurs when the incoming payment is deferred.In this case the present value of the payment will be less than its face value. So IAS 18 introduced the following requirement: the company must be discounting. In such circumstances all future receipts should be discounted using the imputed interest rate. The second problem in recogn izing the revenue arises in cases when the company offers its clients discounts for fast calculation. To comply with the requirements of IAS 18, discounts for fast payment should be measured at the time of the sale and deduct from the revenue.In cases when there is an exchange for goods or services similar in nature, cost of revenue does not arise. When exchanging a variety of goods, revenue is measured at fair value of the goods or services received, minus the amount transferred to cash or cash equivalents. Revenue recognition Revenue is recognized with regard to the certain points: the convincing evidence of an agreement with a customer, the delivering goods and the rendering of services. Sale of goodsThere are following criteria to recognize revenue from the sale of goods: * Significant risks and rewards associated with ownership of the goods passed from the seller to the buyer; * The company no longer participates in the management of the property, sold goods and it does not hav e control over them; * The amount of revenue can be reliably assessed; * Costs that should be suffered relating to a transaction can be measured reliably; * There will be probable economic benefits for the enterprise as a result of this operation. Rendering of servicesWhen the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be reliably estimated, revenue from the sale of services is based on the level of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date. The outcome of a transaction can be measured reliably when: * The amount of the transaction can be reliably assessed; * There will be probability to get economic benefits for the enterprise as a result of this operation; * Level of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date can be assessed; * Costs that should be suffered relating to a transaction can be measured reliably.Revenue from the provision of goods and all services is only recognized when the amounts to be recognized are fixed or determin able, and collectability is reasonably assured (Elliot B. , Elliot J. , 2007) Interest, royalties and dividends IAS 18 considers the accounting procedure of potential components of revenue organization primarily from transactions involving the sale of goods, rendering of services, as well as through other organizations or individuals property of the reporting organization, giving interest, dividends or royalties.If the probability of the economic benefits for the enterprise exists and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, income in the form of interest, royalties and dividends are recorded as follows: * Interest (fees that are levied for the use of cash and cash equivalents or amounts owed) should be recognized on a temporary basis, which is proportional to the effective yield of the asset; * Dividends (profit-sharing between the owners of the share capital in proportion to their participation in the capital of a particular class) should be recognized when the shareholders have the right to receive payment; * Royalties (fees for the use of fixed assets such as patents, trademarks, copyrights and computer software payments) should be recognized on an accrual basis according to the content of the relevant treaty. Disclosure requirements IAS 18 contains certain disclosure requirements because it is important to use disclosures to get the decision-useful information about an entity’s arrangements with customers.In the income statement, as well as in the financial statements should be disclosed the following information: a. The amount of each substantive article of the revenue received from the sale of goods, services, as well as the amount of interest, royalties and dividends; b. The amount of revenue arose from exchanges of goods or services; c. The methods used to designate the quantitative measures for the level of completion of the transactions in rendering of services. The disclosure requirements provide sufficient information to users of an entity’s financial statements about the changes in circumstances affecting those performance obligations (International Accounting Standards Board, 2008). Example of Revenue On 1/04/2010 Leather Ltd. eceived total subscriptions of â‚ ¬480,000. So as the result, the company is obliged to provide 24 monthly publications of the magazine. Dr Bank 480,000 Cr Deferred Income account 480,000 On 31/03/ 2011 the company has produced and sent out only 6 of the 24 publications, and the total cost of producing the 24 publications is â‚ ¬180,000. The average cost of each publication is the same amount. That means each publication cost 7,500 (â‚ ¬180,000/24). Consequently, the cost of production 6 publications is â‚ ¬45,000 (â‚ ¬7,500*6). For one year, from 1/04/2010 to 31/3/2011, company produced 6 publications. Therefore, to produce all 24 publications, the company should complete the order in 4 years.Thus, each year Leather Ltd. will earn â‚ ¬120,000 (â‚ ¬480,000/4) selling 6 publications. The organization will receive economic benefits in the future, and these benefits can be measured reliably. So 31/3/2011 revenue of the company is â‚ ¬120,000. Dr Deferred Income account 120,000 Cr Sales account 120,000 Income Statement of Leather Ltd. for the year ended 31st March 2011 Sales 120,000 Cost of production 45,000 Gross profit 75,000 Conclusion of the Report Revenue recognition criteria provided in IAS 18 â€Å"Revenue† should normally be applied to each operation separately.However, in certain circumstances, they must be applied to individual elements of a transaction in order to correctly reflect the sources of revenue. At the same time, on the contrary, recognition criteria can be applied simultaneously to two or more operations when their commercial effect cannot be determined without considering the operations as a whole. The provided conference helps to understand that the general principles of revenue recognition and measurement for financial reporting are extremely essential in the system of accounting rules formed by IAS. Signed: ____________ Conclusion The assignment represents the report that determines the important concepts of the regulatory framework defined by IAS 18 Revenue.While researching the following topic I got useful knowledge about the structure of the report. The assignment gives clear explanations of such terms as â€Å"revenue† and â€Å"fair value†, it also outlines important points of revenue recognition and measurement of the revenue. The assignment covers all information about how to recognize revenue and there is the particular example on revenue recognition. Bibliography ELLIOT, B. , ELLIOT, J. , (2007). Financial Accounting and Reporting. Accounting and reporting on an accrual accounting basis. 11th edition. London: Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd. , p. 26. International Accounting Standards Committee (2000). International Accounting Standards Explained.Accounting fo r revenue and Expenses Revenue. London: Copyright of IASC, p. 321. International Accounting Standards Committee (2000), International Accounting Standards Explained, Accounting for Revenue and Expenses Revenue. London: Copyright of IASC, p 322. Preliminary Views on Revenue Recognition in Contracts with Customer. International Accounting Standards Board, 2008. p. 77 http://www. iasb. org/NR/rdonlyres/0E3D5E00-B961-42F0-BA64-AB1D20BB9FE9/0/DP_PreliminaryViewsRevenueRecognition1208. pdf Accessed: 24 Oct 2011 Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards. Deloitte, 2001. http://www. iasplus. com/standard/ias18. htm. Accessed: 20 Oct 2011

Bryan’s hunt

Briar's Hunt Author: Gary Paulsen Protagonist: The protagonist In this story Is Brian himself. He Is about 16 years old. He is a very strong and spirited person. He has many obstacles come his way but his bravery helps him overcome the obstacles. Once he was rescued he decides he wants to pack his bags and go back out the Canadian forest and live for a month or so. Antagonist: Later in the story the bear becomes the antagonist. The bear has killed a family who Brian knows and three of those family members were killed.Brian found out that this was a giant, 500 pound bear who did this. He also knew that on its front right paw it was missing a toenail and that it had giant footsteps. This is how he tracked the bear, which Is one of its weaknesses. Also If Brian can get a clear shot on the bear, then the bear would be dead or at least hurt. Another weakness Is that this bear Is huge so It Is very lazy. Plot: explosion: There Is only one mall character In the book his name Is Brian. Brian was Like on Journey to go find his Indian friend Susan. At the beginning of the book,Brian is walking around the woods. The setting changes maybe a couple times during the book. In some parts of the book he is going down the river in his canoe-The situation Brian is in is that he comes back to the woods. Because he knows he won't be happy in society. Rising action: In Briar's Hunt, the rising action occurs as Brian arrives on the island, he finds things out of order. Then he comes across the cabin that was destroyed by the bear. The rising action is the fear brought on by the bear and it makes a sense of fear come to you and wonder is going to happen.It also s the point when the focus of the book changes from finding friends to a life or death survival situation. Climax: Brian follows his Instincts to head north. He finds that they have been attacked by a bear over 500 pounds. He finds the mother and father, along with 3 dogs dead from the bear attack. Brian finds Susan along the s hore dragging a canoe. He noticed the scratches and bites on her from the bear. Falling action: Brian and Susan call the authorities. They pick up Susan and take her to her aunt and uncle's house. Brian sets out to find the bear. The bear was huntingBrian and attacked him, he grabbed two arrows and stuck them in the bear, which later resulted in the bear's death. Resolution: Brian goes out and starts looking for the bear that killed Suntan's family and that injured the dog. He goes and sets out like traps to catch the beat. After like hours of waiting he then sees the bear. He goes running after the bear he starts throwing arrows at him. Then he goes face to face with bear and he stabs the bear right in the chest and kills the bear. Setting: The story takes place In the wilderness of Canada. Let takes place near the five lakes.It Is also far, far away from civilization. Conflict: the conflict Is man vs†¦ Nature. Brian vs†¦ The Bear. It pits Brian against the bear that kill ed his friends, and Is brutal and aggressive. Brian defeats the bear in this conflict with a two arrow shots into the dog begins to lick his face and he realizes that the bear had landed on him. Theme: The theme of the story is in the remote Canadian forest with streams,and rivers,and lakes. He is completely alone with no civilization with 200 miles. He is basically stranded out there for over month with whatever he carried in there off the plane.

Wk4 INTL304 Forum Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk4 INTL304 Forum - Coursework Example Precisely, these sources include communication systems, weapon, systems, and radar. In addition, SIGNET provides data for national diplomacy, scientific use, and economic planning for improving the security of the nation. SIGNET has five components that provide the essential intelligence information3. In particular, these mechanisms are communication, electronic, non-imaging infrared, laser, and radar intelligence. However, these components are categorised into three broad categories that fall under the intelligence community and aid in the collection and exploitation of the signal transmitted from the sources mentioned above4. Precisely, these three groups are Communications Intelligence (COMINT), Foreign Instrumentation Signals Intelligence (FISINT), and Electronic Intelligence (ELINT). Although there are various functions of SIGNET, data collection and signal analysis are the primary and most essential features. First, Signet collects information in different ways depending on the type of message targeted. The NSA receives the raw data and uses its translators, analysts, cryptologists, and other technical experts to convert the unprocessed data into constructive information5. After the collection, processing, and analysis of the raw data, the useful information is passed to the CIA and the Intelligence Community analyst who integrate it with information from other sources to produce a furnished intelligence6. Finally, the data is distributed to various agencies and security personnel (policymakers and the President) who require the information for diplomatic and safety reasons. Central Intelligence Agency. "Intelligence: Signals Intelligence — Central Intelligence Agency." USAgov. Last modified 2010.